?Sample essay
The remainder of this essay creating tutorial is dependant upon a short sample 'divorce essay' (about 1,000 words).
To comprehensive all on the associated tasks, it is easiest at any time you have the sample essay in front of you.
A major change that has occurred on the Western family is really an increased incidence in divorce. Whereas on the past, divorce was a relatively rare occurrence, in recent times it has become somewhat commonplace. This change is borne out clearly in census figures. For example thirty years ago in Australia, only one particular marriage in ten ended in divorce; nowadays the figure is even more than an individual in three (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996: p.45). A consequence of this change may be a substantial increase within the amount of solitary parent families along with the attendant problems that this brings (Kilmartin, 1997).
An important issue for sociologists, and indeed for all of society, is why these changes in marital patterns have occurred. With this essay I will seek to critically examine a lot of sociological explanations for your 'divorce phenomenon' and also consider the social policy implications that every explanation carries with it. It will be argued that the leading explanations are to be found inside of a broad socio-economic framework.
A particular type of explanation for rising divorce has focused on changes in laws relating to marriage. For example, Bilton, Bonnett and Jones (1987) argue that increased rates of divorce do not necessarily indicate that families are now much more unstable. It is potential, they claim, that there has always been a degree of marital instability. They suggest that changes inside law have been significant, for the reason that they have provided unhappily married couples with 'entry to some legal answer to pre-existent marital problems' (p.301). Bilton et al. therefore believe that changes in divorce rates could in fact be most efficient explained in terms of changes inside the legal model. The problem with this type of explanation however, is always that it does not consider why these laws have changed while in the initial area. It could be argued that reforms to family law, in the process because the increased rate of divorce that has accompanied them, are the product of much more fundamental changes in society.
Another type of explanation is one particular that focuses precisely on these broad societal changes. For example, Nicky Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995) argues that increases in divorce and marital breakdown are the result of economic changes that have affected the family. Just one example of these changes is the raised material aspirations of families, which Hart suggests has put pressure on both of those spouses to become wage earners. Women as a result have been forced to become each homemakers and economic providers. According to Hart, the contradiction of these two roles has lead to conflict and this is the main cause of marital breakdown. It would appear that Hart's explanation cannot account for all cases of divorce - for example, marital breakdown is liable to occur in families where only the husband is working. Nevertheless, her strategy, which is to relate changes in family relations to broader social forces, would sound to be even more probing than just one that looks only at legislative change.
The two explanations described earlier mentioned have very different implications for social policy, specially in relation to how the problem of increasing marital instability may perhaps be dealt with. Bilton et al. (1995) offer a legal explanation and hence would see the solutions also being determined during this domain. If rises in divorce are thought to be the consequence of liberal divorce laws, the obvious way to stem this rise is to make them less obtainable. This technique, a particular imagines, would lead into a reduction in divorce statistics; however, it cannot really be held up as a genuine remedy to the problems of marital stress and breakdown in society. Indeed it would look to be a treatment directed much more at symptoms than addressing fundamental causes. Furthermore, the go through of social workers, working during the area of family welfare suggests that restricting a couple's obtain to divorce would in some cases serve only to exacerbate present marital problems (Johnson, 1981). In those cases where violence is involved, the consequences could be tragic. Apart from all this, returning to far more restrictive divorce laws would seem to be a treatment tiny favoured by Australians. (Harrison, 1990).
Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995), crafting from the Marxist-feminist position, traces marital conflict to changes during the capitalist economic application and their resultant effect to the roles of men and women. It is difficult to know however, how like an analysis will probably be translated into practical social policies. This is due to the fact the Hart program would appear to require inside earliest area a radical restructuring within the economic plan. Whilst this may be desirable for some, it will not be achievable during the current political climate. Hart is right however, to suggest that a whole lot marital conflict might be linked in some way to the economic circumstances of families. This is borne out in lots of statistical surveys which indicate consistently that rates of divorce are higher among socially disadvantaged families (McDonald, 1993). This situation suggests then that social policies desire to be geared to providing help and security for these variations of families. It is minimal cause for optimism however, that in recent years governments of all persuasions have revealed an increasing reluctance to fund social welfare programs of this kind.
It is difficult to offer a comprehensive explanation with the growing trend of marital breakdown; and it is even extra difficult to look for solutions that may ameliorate the problems created by it. Clearly though, as I have argued on this essay, one of the most useful answers are to be found not in just a narrow legal framework, but inside a broader socio-economic a person.
Finally, it is worth pointing out that, whilst we may appear to be living in the time of increased family instability, research suggests that historically, instability may have been the norm rather than the exception. As Bell and Zajdow (1997) point out, with the past, solitary parent and step families have been a bit more typical than is assumed - although the disruptive influence then was not divorce, but the premature death of just one or the two parents. This situation suggests that in studying the cutting-edge family, a person needs to employ a historical perspective, such as the possibility of on the lookout to the past in searching for ways of dealing with problems inside of the existing.
References
Australian Bureau of Statistics (1996). Divorces, Australia. Canberra: Australian Government Printing Program.
Bell, R. and G. Zajdow (1997) Family and household. In R. Jureidini, S. Kenny and M. Poole (eds). Sociology: Australian Connections. St Leonards. NSW: Allen and Unwin
Bilton, T. K. Bonnett and P. Jones (1987). Introductory Sociology. 2nd edition. London: MacMillan.
Haralambos, M. (1995). Sociology: Themes and Perspectives. 3rd edition. London: Bell and Hyman.
Harrison, M. (1995). Grounds for divorce. Family Matters. No 42 pp 34-35.
Johnson, V. (1981). The Last Resort: A Women's Refuge. Ringwood: Penguin.
Kilmartin, C. (1997). Children divorce and one-parent families. Family Matters. No. 48. ( Attainable On-line )
McDonald, P. (1993). Family Trends and Structure in Australia. Australian Family Briefings No 3. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies.
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